Lesson Objectives

  • Identify characteristics that all animals share.
  • Requite an overview of animal classification.

WORKBOOK Assignment:

Chapter 17.1 workbook pages

Get the workbook here: https://guesthollow.com/store/free-high-school-biology-workbook/

Vocabulary

  • amniote
    • animal that produces eggs with internal membranes that allow gases just not h2o to pass through and then the embryo can breathe without drying out (reptile, bird, or mammal)
  • animal
    • heterotrophic, multicellular eukaryote with cells that lack cell walls; member of the animal kingdom
  • exoskeleton
    • non-bony skeleton that forms on the outside of the body of some invertebrates and provides protection and support
  • invertebrate
    • creature that lacks a vertebral column, or backbone
  • notochord
    • stiff support rod that runs from ane finish of the body to the other in animals chosen chordates
  • vertebral cavalcade
    • bony back up structure that runs downwards the back of a vertebrate animal; also called a backbone
  • vertebrate
  • brute with a vertebral column, or backbone

Introduction

There is nifty variation among species that brand upwards the fauna kingdom. Some of this variation is shown in Effigy below. Despite the variation, in that location are a number of traits that are shared past all animals.  What traits do all animals share? Read on to notice out.

17.1a
Diversity of Animals. These photos give only an inkling of the diversity of organisms that belong to the animate being kingdom. (A) Sponge (B) Flatworm (C) Flight Insect (D) Frog (E) Tiger (F) Gorilla.

Characteristics of Animals

Animals are a kingdom of multicellular eukaryotes. They cannot brand their ain food. Instead, they get nutrients by eating other living things. Therefore, animals are heterotrophs.

Fauna Cells

Like the cells of all eukaryotes, animal cells have a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles (see Figure beneath). Unlike the cells of plants and fungi, brute cells lack a cell wall. This gives animal cells flexibility. Information technology lets them have on different shapes and so they tin become specialized to do particular jobs. The human nerve prison cell shown in Figure below is a good example. Its shape suits it for its function of transmitting nerve impulses over long distances. A nerve cell would exist unable to take this shape if it were surrounded by a rigid cell wall.

17.1b
Animal Cell. The shape of an animal cell is not constrained by a rigid cell wall. A bacterial jail cell is shown in a higher place for comparison.
17.1c
Human Nervus Cell. A human nerve cell is specialized to transmit nerve impulses. How do yous recollect the cell's shape helps it perform this office?

Crash Form Biology: Eukaryopolis – Animal Cells –
Notation: There is a brief mention of evolution in this video.

Animal Construction and Office

Animals not only have specialized cells. Most animals also accept tissues and organs. In many animals, organs class organ systems, such equally a nervous arrangement. Higher levels of organisation allow animals to perform many complex functions. What can animals practice that about other living things cannot? Here are some examples. All of them are illustrated in Effigy beneath.

  • Animals can detect environmental stimuli, such as calorie-free, sound, and affect. Stimuli are detected by sensory nerve cells. The information is transmitted and processed by the nervous organisation. The nervous organization, in plough, may direct the body to respond.
  • All animals tin can move, at least during some stage of their life wheel. Muscles and nerves work together to permit move. Being able to move lets animals actively search for food and mates. It likewise helps them escape from predators.
  • Most all animals accept internal digestion of nutrient. Animals consume other organisms and may use special tissues and organs to digest them. (Many other organisms blot nutrients directly from the environment.)
17.1d
Characteristics of Animals. Most animals share these characteristics: sensory organs, movement, and internal digestion.

Animal Life Cycle and Reproduction

Many animals have a relatively simple life cycle. A general animal life cycle is shown in Effigy below. Most animals spend the majority of their life every bit diploid organisms. Just most all animals reproduce sexually. Diploid adults undergo meiosis to produce sperm or eggs. Fertilization occurs when a sperm and an egg fuse. The zygote that forms develops into an embryo. The embryo eventually develops into an adult.

17.1g
Animal Life Wheel. An animal life cycle that includes only sexual reproduction is shown here. Some animals also reproduce asexually. How does the animal life cycle compare with the life cycle of a found?

Classification of Animals

All animals share basic traits. But animals also prove a lot of diversity. They range from simple sponges to complex humans.

Major Fauna Phyla

Members of the animal kingdom are divided into more 30 phyla. Tabular array below lists the 9 phyla with the greatest number of species. Each of the animal phyla listed in the table have at least ten,000 species.

Phylum Animals It Includes
17.1h Porifera sponges
17.1i Cnidaria jellyfish, corals
17.1j Platyhelminthes flatworms, tapeworms, flukes
17.1k Nematoda roundworms
17.1l Mollusca snails, clams, squids
17.1m Annelida earthworms, leeches, marine worms
17.1n Arthropoda insects, spiders, crustaceans, centipedes
17.1o Echinodermata sea stars, body of water urchins, sand dollars, body of water cucumbers
17.1p Chordata tunicates, lancelets, fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds, mammals

Here are a couple videos of the types of animals mentioned to a higher place:

TED Ed: Why are at that place then many insects?

TED Ed: Why the octopus brain is so extraordinary

The first 8 phyla listed in Table higher up include merely invertebrate animals.Invertebrates are animals that lack a vertebral column, or backbone. The concluding phylum in the table, the Chordata, also includes many invertebrate species. Tunicates and lancelets are both invertebrates. Altogether, invertebrates make up at least 95 percentage of all fauna species. The remaining animals are vertebrates.Vertebrates are animals that have a backbone. All vertebrates belong to the phylum Chordata. They include fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals.

Lesson Summary

  • Animals are multicellular eukaryotes that lack cell walls. All animals are heterotrophs. They have sensory organs, the ability to movement, and internal digestion. They also accept sexual reproduction.
  • Vertebrates take a courage, but invertebrates exercise non. Except for the chordates, all creature phyla consist merely of invertebrates. Chordates include both vertebrates and invertebrates.

Review Questions

Think

1. Identify traits that narrate all animals.

2. State one mode that animal cells differ from the cells of plants and fungi. What is the significance of this difference?

3. Describe a general animal life cycle.

4. Land how the phylum Chordata differs from other fauna phyla.

Apply Concepts

5. Assume that a new species of fauna has been discovered. It is an egg-laying brute that lives and reproduces on land. Explicate what you know nearly its eggs without e'er seeing them.

Think Critically

half-dozen. Compare and contrast invertebrates and vertebrates.

Points to Consider

Vertebrates are the animals with which nosotros are nigh familiar. Just there are far more invertebrates than vertebrates on the planet. The next lesson provides an overview of invertebrate animals.

  • Before reading the adjacent lesson, call up about what you now know most invertebrates. Can you identify some invertebrate traits?

Previous: Plant Features and Responses

Adjacent: Overview of Invertebrates